The contents that need to be considered in the water for the maintenance or cultivation of Betta fish are as follows.

1. Acidity / pH (hydrogen potential)
   Acidity is a very influential factor in the world of Betta fish. The acidity level is also an indicator of whether the water is polluted or not, the indicator of polluted water is pH exceeding 2 and 9. The neutral pH is 7.To change the pH of the water usually use lime bordo to lower acidity (raise pH) as much as 2 cc per liter. And use ketapang leaves to increase acidity. For the use of ketapang leaves, betta fish owners must soak the leaves in the water to be used. Soak for a few days until the pH level becomes between 6.5 – 7.2.After that take ketapang leaves. To test kada pH, you can use a digital tool called pH mater. Unlike litmus paper, pH mater is very practical, you only need to set it to 7 and then dip it in the water to be tested. This is very easy compared to using litmus paper which you have to match the color with the acid and alkaline color indicator table. We conclude that if you want to change the acid and wet or pH then the water must be added lime bordo or dry ketapang leaves.
2. Hardness (Hardness)
   Hardness can be interpreted as a combination of minerals such as lime, magnesium, manganese, and zinc. The higher the levels of these minerals, the hardness level will also be higher. Hardness is also directly proportional to the acid and base in the water. The higher the pH, the hardness will increase, when the pH is low, the hardness will decrease. To test the level of hardness without using tools. By the way you can taste, if it does not taste salty, the water hardness is estimated to be low around 5° – 8° HD and if it feels brackish, the hardness level is estimated to be high around 11° – 15° HD. Betta itself mengiginkan level of hardness ranges from 8° – 10°. Measure the level of hardness with the tool, you can use a digital tool called Salinity tester. To eliminate hardness in water, you can use zeolite. To do this, you must accommodate the zeolite into a barrel whose bottom has been given a tap. Water entering the top will pass through the zeolite, and as a result the hardness will disappear. Increasing water hardness can be done by giving decorations made of lime such as sand or passing water through marble fragments.
3. Ammonia and nitrite
   Ammonia is produced from the metabolic waste of Betta fish, not only that. Ammonia is also produced from the remains of fish food, Moss and dead water gardens. The maximum threshold for ammonia content in water is 1mg/L. Nitrite is a continuation of ammonia, nitrite is produced from ammonia converted by nitrosomonas bacteria. Ammonia and nitrite can be toxic to betta fish, so how do we check how much ammonia and nitrite content by looking at the swimming style of fish, drunk or not, and decreased appetite of fish. How to reduce the content of this substance in the water is to make regular water changes, for betta fish, a maximum of water changes is made once in three days. By replacing 25-50% of the old water with new water.
4. Dissolved Oxygen.
   Although betta fish have a labyrinth that allows them to take air directly from the surface of the water, it turns out that dissolved oxygen is also important. Oxygen can also be produced by aquatic plants in aquariums or aerators. The least amount of dissolved oxygen can affect betta fish growth, appetite, body shape and fins. Dissolved oxygen content is very good when above 5mg / L. To measure the oxygen content in water, you can use a device called a DO meter.
5. Water Temperature (Temperature)
   A good water temperature for bettas ranges from 24°-25° Celsius. Water temperature is very important, why ?. Because when the water temperature is too cold, this will make the body’s immunity become impaired. When the water temperature is too warm will make the bacteria thrive and the water becomes berkuarng terlaurnya oxygen levels. To measure the temperature of the water, you can use a device called a thermometer.